TRs or “Training Routines” are introduced to people very early in their indoctrination into Scientology. These can involve sitting in front of another person (in dyads)
dyad |ˈdīad|
noun technical
something that consists of two elements or parts: the mother–child dyad.
for extended periods. Later, in higher levels of training “Hard TRs” are introduced which can take many hours over a period of days. People generally experience hallucinations consisting of facial distortions and ultimately a state of dissociation which is characterized as “Exteriorization” in Scientology. According to Scientology, a thetan or spirit can be partially or fully exterior from the body for brief or extended periods.
Scientology clearly capitalizes on this phenomena to inculcate people into its belief systems. It is a key component in the PR construct of a friendly neo-scientific-buddhist spiritual enlightenment based culture and Scientologists expend great effort, money and resources to cultivate an understanding and control over this phenomena. But they are strictly forbidden from studying or applying theories or practices from other fields such as psychology, parapsychology or religions which emulate or attempt to explain TRs and exteriorization and therefore self censor themselves into a closed Scientological viewpoint starting within the same study course where TRs are initially introduced.
In these following posts by Scicrit on Wordpress.com, an attempt is made to explain TR 0 and this phenomena. Links are embedded in the article to studies on the Ganzfeld Experiment which attempts to prove the existence of ESP using sensory deprivation. Of note: according to Hyman, conclusions from these experiments are still not adequate to prove ESP.
Of interest, Metzger was conducting experiments in 1930 which could have served as an inspiration and model to Hubbard for the integration of TRs into Scientology as a proselytizing gimmick 20 years before Dianetics.
From my own experience with TRs, I am very familiar with all of these phenomena and can vouch for the way they are described in the study on gazing in dyads. As the study indicates, more work could be done on studying the dissociative phenomena vs the visual facial hallucinations, however, I have yet to know of or experience a state of “Exteriorization” that can’t be explained as a physiological phenomena. Scientologists may claim that they can astral travel, remote view, read minds or use telekinesis but I’ve never seen these irrefutably demonstrated as abilities under controlled conditions.
Without the use of TRs to create a euphoric dissociative state in initiates and a calculated progression into a culture based on re-achieving this state, Scientology would probably have evolved along very different lines.
It may be possible that some degree of this mental state causes what is known as an FN "Floating Needle" on the e-meter. However, once the dissociative state has been achieved a person can develop it as a learned ability. It can be very expensive and burdensome to have to redo auditing or training if the e-meter doesn't FN, especially in Sec-Checks being used for security or disciplinary interrogation, so it should be considered that much of what people claim as completions and wins in Scientology may have been accomplished by skilled self triggering of the Ganzfeld effect.
__________________________________________________ ______________________
http://ift.tt/1J6bDM1
In the 1930s, research by psychologist Wolfgang Metzger established that when subjects gazed into a featureless field of vision they consistently hallucinated and their electroencephalograms changed.
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The Ganzfeld effect has been reported since ancient times. The adepts of Pythagoras retreated to pitch-black caves to receive wisdom through their visions,[7] known as the prisoner's cinema. Miners trapped by accidents in mines frequently reported hallucinations, visions and seeing ghosts when they were in the pitch dark for days. Arctic explorers seeing nothing but featureless landscape of white snow for a long time also reported hallucinations and an altered state of mind.[8]
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_____
http://ift.tt/1w1fYHB
///
In a 2007 review, Ray Hyman wrote that parapsychologists agree they have no positive theory of psi as it is negatively defined as any effect that cannot be currently explained in terms of chance or normal causes. Hyman saw this as a fallacy, as it encouraged parapsychologists to use any peculiarity in the data as a characteristic of psi. Hyman also wrote that parapsychologists have admitted it is impossible to eliminate the possibility of non-paranormal causes in the ganzfeld experiment. There is no independent method to indicate the presence or absence of psi.[15]
Until parapsychologists can provide a positive way to indicate the presence of psi, the different effect sizes that occur in experiments are just as likely to result from many different things rather than one thing called psi. Indeed given the obvious instability and elusiveness of the findings, the best guess might very well be that we are dealing with a variety of Murphy's Law rather than a revolutionary anomaly called psi.
— Ray Hyman, Evaluating Parapsychological Claims, 2007[15]
///
_____
The Scicrit article starts here:
http://ift.tt/2aYmMSd
The links to the Ganzfeld Experiment and the article on Dissociation and Hallucination in Dyads is on this page:
http://ift.tt/2aYn63o
_____
http://ift.tt/2b2374B
http://ift.tt/2b23LPf
_____
Dissociation and hallucinations in dyads engaged through interpersonal gazing
Giovanni B. Caputo
DIPSUM, University of Urbino, via Saffi 15, 61029 Urbino, Italy
http://ift.tt/2b2334G
_____
TRs and The Ganzfeld Effect
dyad |ˈdīad|
noun technical
something that consists of two elements or parts: the mother–child dyad.
for extended periods. Later, in higher levels of training “Hard TRs” are introduced which can take many hours over a period of days. People generally experience hallucinations consisting of facial distortions and ultimately a state of dissociation which is characterized as “Exteriorization” in Scientology. According to Scientology, a thetan or spirit can be partially or fully exterior from the body for brief or extended periods.
Scientology clearly capitalizes on this phenomena to inculcate people into its belief systems. It is a key component in the PR construct of a friendly neo-scientific-buddhist spiritual enlightenment based culture and Scientologists expend great effort, money and resources to cultivate an understanding and control over this phenomena. But they are strictly forbidden from studying or applying theories or practices from other fields such as psychology, parapsychology or religions which emulate or attempt to explain TRs and exteriorization and therefore self censor themselves into a closed Scientological viewpoint starting within the same study course where TRs are initially introduced.
In these following posts by Scicrit on Wordpress.com, an attempt is made to explain TR 0 and this phenomena. Links are embedded in the article to studies on the Ganzfeld Experiment which attempts to prove the existence of ESP using sensory deprivation. Of note: according to Hyman, conclusions from these experiments are still not adequate to prove ESP.
Of interest, Metzger was conducting experiments in 1930 which could have served as an inspiration and model to Hubbard for the integration of TRs into Scientology as a proselytizing gimmick 20 years before Dianetics.
From my own experience with TRs, I am very familiar with all of these phenomena and can vouch for the way they are described in the study on gazing in dyads. As the study indicates, more work could be done on studying the dissociative phenomena vs the visual facial hallucinations, however, I have yet to know of or experience a state of “Exteriorization” that can’t be explained as a physiological phenomena. Scientologists may claim that they can astral travel, remote view, read minds or use telekinesis but I’ve never seen these irrefutably demonstrated as abilities under controlled conditions.
Without the use of TRs to create a euphoric dissociative state in initiates and a calculated progression into a culture based on re-achieving this state, Scientology would probably have evolved along very different lines.
It may be possible that some degree of this mental state causes what is known as an FN "Floating Needle" on the e-meter. However, once the dissociative state has been achieved a person can develop it as a learned ability. It can be very expensive and burdensome to have to redo auditing or training if the e-meter doesn't FN, especially in Sec-Checks being used for security or disciplinary interrogation, so it should be considered that much of what people claim as completions and wins in Scientology may have been accomplished by skilled self triggering of the Ganzfeld effect.
__________________________________________________ ______________________
http://ift.tt/1J6bDM1
In the 1930s, research by psychologist Wolfgang Metzger established that when subjects gazed into a featureless field of vision they consistently hallucinated and their electroencephalograms changed.
///
The Ganzfeld effect has been reported since ancient times. The adepts of Pythagoras retreated to pitch-black caves to receive wisdom through their visions,[7] known as the prisoner's cinema. Miners trapped by accidents in mines frequently reported hallucinations, visions and seeing ghosts when they were in the pitch dark for days. Arctic explorers seeing nothing but featureless landscape of white snow for a long time also reported hallucinations and an altered state of mind.[8]
///
_____
http://ift.tt/1w1fYHB
///
In a 2007 review, Ray Hyman wrote that parapsychologists agree they have no positive theory of psi as it is negatively defined as any effect that cannot be currently explained in terms of chance or normal causes. Hyman saw this as a fallacy, as it encouraged parapsychologists to use any peculiarity in the data as a characteristic of psi. Hyman also wrote that parapsychologists have admitted it is impossible to eliminate the possibility of non-paranormal causes in the ganzfeld experiment. There is no independent method to indicate the presence or absence of psi.[15]
Until parapsychologists can provide a positive way to indicate the presence of psi, the different effect sizes that occur in experiments are just as likely to result from many different things rather than one thing called psi. Indeed given the obvious instability and elusiveness of the findings, the best guess might very well be that we are dealing with a variety of Murphy's Law rather than a revolutionary anomaly called psi.
— Ray Hyman, Evaluating Parapsychological Claims, 2007[15]
///
_____
The Scicrit article starts here:
http://ift.tt/2aYmMSd
The links to the Ganzfeld Experiment and the article on Dissociation and Hallucination in Dyads is on this page:
http://ift.tt/2aYn63o
_____
http://ift.tt/2b2374B
http://ift.tt/2b23LPf
_____
Dissociation and hallucinations in dyads engaged through interpersonal gazing
Giovanni B. Caputo
DIPSUM, University of Urbino, via Saffi 15, 61029 Urbino, Italy
http://ift.tt/2b2334G
_____
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